CMEMS Arctic MFC: Validation of sea ice type

Validation results: Distribution of first year ice, multi-year ice

Results by bulletin date

January 2019 01-03 01-10 01-17 01-24 01-31	February 2019 02-07 02-14
January 2018 01-04 01-11 01-18 01-25	February 2018 02-01 02-08 02-15 02-22	March 2018 03-01 03-08 03-15 03-22 03-29	April 2018 04-05 04-12 04-19 04-26	May 2018 05-03 05-10 05-17 05-24 05-31	June 2018 06-07 06-14 06-21 06-28	July 2018 07-05 07-12 07-19 07-26	August 2018 08-02 08-09 08-16 08-23 08-30	September 2018 09-06 09-13 09-20 09-27	October 2018 10-04 10-11 10-18 10-25	November 2018 11-01 11-08 11-15 11-22 11-29	December 2018 12-06 12-13 12-20 12-27
January 2017 01-05 01-12 01-19 01-26	February 2017 02-02 02-09 02-16 02-23	March 2017 03-02 03-09 03-16 03-23 03-30	April 2017 04-06 04-13 04-20 04-27	May 2017 05-04 05-11 05-18 05-25	June 2017 06-01 06-08 06-15 06-22 06-29	July 2017 07-06 07-13 07-20 07-27	August 2017 08-03 08-10 08-17 08-24 08-31	September 2017 09-07 09-14 09-21 09-28	October 2017 10-05 10-12 10-19 10-26	November 2017 11-02 11-09 11-16 11-23 11-30	December 2017 12-07 12-14 12-21 12-28
January 2016 01-07 01-14 01-21 01-28	February 2016 02-04 02-11 02-18 02-25	March 2016 03-03 03-10 03-17 03-24 03-31	April 2016 04-07 04-14 04-21 04-28	May 2016 05-05 05-12 05-19 05-26	June 2016 06-02 06-09 06-16 06-23 06-30	July 2016 07-07 07-14 07-21 07-28	August 2016 08-04 08-11 08-18 08-25	September 2016 09-01 09-08 09-15 09-22 09-29	October 2016 10-06 10-13 10-20 10-27	November 2016 11-03 11-10 11-17 11-24	December 2016 12-01 12-08 12-15 12-22 12-29
January 2015 01-01 01-08 01-15 01-22 01-29	February 2015 02-05 02-12 02-19 02-26	March 2015 03-05 03-12 03-19 03-26	April 2015 04-02 04-09 04-16 04-23 04-30	May 2015 05-07 05-14 05-21 05-28	June 2015 06-04 06-11 06-18 06-25	July 2015 07-02 07-09 07-16 07-23 07-30	August 2015 08-06 08-13 08-20 08-27	September 2015 09-03 09-10 09-17 09-24	October 2015 10-01 10-08 10-15 10-22 10-29	November 2015 11-05 11-12 11-19 11-26	December 2015 12-03 12-10 12-17 12-24 12-31
January 2014 01-02 01-09 01-16 01-23 01-30	February 2014 02-06 02-13 02-20 02-27	March 2014 03-06 03-13 03-20 03-27	April 2014 04-03 04-10 04-17 04-24	May 2014 05-01 05-08 05-15 05-22 05-29	June 2014 06-05 06-12 06-19 06-26	July 2014 07-03 07-10 07-17 07-24 07-31	August 2014 08-07 08-14 08-21 08-28	September 2014 09-04 09-11 09-18 09-25	October 2014 10-02 10-09 10-16 10-23 10-30	November 2014 11-06 11-13 11-20 11-27	December 2014 12-04 12-11 12-18 12-25

Products

• Bias, FY ice area extent: area where model has FY ice, and observations don't have FY ice minus area where model doesn't have FY ice, but observations have FY ice
• RMS, FY ice area: RMS of FY ice area fraction differences between model results and observations, multiplied by the analyzed area (here, the fraction is either 1 or 0)
• Bias, MY ice area extent; RMS, MY ice area: Corresponding results for multi-year ice
• Area: Total analyzed area in the observational product, and area with presence of ice in the analysis

All results are displayed in units of 10⁶km². Furthermore, match-up tables of grid counts of first year ice in model vs. observations are provided separately, follow the link Contingency tables to the upper right to display these tables. Note that results are also produced for three subregions.

Validation data: Ice type

Validation of the CMEMS Arctic MFC results for sea ice type is performed using the ice type data from the CMEMS Ocean & Sea Ice TAC. The region for which the observational product is available, is shown in the sample snap-shot below. Shown here are the conditions for 2016-12-01.

The horizontal resolution of the ice type data is 10 km. This product is based on the grid ratio (GR[19,37]) from SSMIS data, and backscatter data from ASCAT. Each grid has assigned one of four values, corresponding to

1. No ice/Very open ice
2. Relatively young ice
3. Ice that survived a summer melt
4. Ambigous results

In the validation, first year ice is assumed to be represented by Relatively young ice.

Ice type data are available as aggregated ice type (CMEMS product SEAICE_ARC_SEAICE_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_011_002).

Important note on quality

In general, one should be aware that observational data are not identical to truth. First, instrument inaccuracies (or even errors) contribute. Next, frequently the observations are indirect measures of the quantity that is reported (e.g. measured radiation from a body from which its temperature is derived), adding to the uncertainty that is due to instrument inaccuracies. In the present case, an advanced algorithm is applied to derive a gridded product for regions that are infested with first year ice, and those that are infested with multi-year ice. While the advanced algorithms that applied are state-of-the-art for the present purpose, the accuracy of the ice type product may reflect the number of steps needed to be impemented in the present production.

TOPAZ

The model results are produced with the TOPAZ ocean data assimilation model system (CMEMS product ARCTIC_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_002_001_a). Presently, TOPAZ is run weekly with data assimillation one week prior to the bulletin date, followed by a one-week 100 member ensemble simulation ending on the bulletin date, and finally a 10 day deterministic forecast. TOPAZ was developed and is maintained by the Nansen Center.

TOPAZ results are available as aggregated, best estimates, and as a list of Bulletin dates with separate forecasts.